Overfishing and Marine Ecosystem Collapse: A Global Perspective

Abstract

Overfishing has emerged as a critical threat to marine ecosystems worldwide, leading to significant ecological, economic, and social consequences. This article provides a global perspective on the impact of overfishing on marine ecosystem collapse, exploring the complex interactions between human activities and oceanic health. The continuous extraction of fish beyond sustainable limits has disrupted food webs, diminished fish stocks, and led to the loss of biodiversity. Key species, such as large predatory fish, have been disproportionately affected, resulting in trophic cascades that alter marine ecosystem structures and functions. Additionally, overfishing has exacerbated other environmental stressors, including habitat degradation and climate change, further destabilizing marine environments. This paper examines case studies from different regions to highlight the widespread nature of overfishing and its varied impacts on marine ecosystems. It also discusses the socio-economic implications, emphasizing the dependence of coastal communities on fisheries and the resulting conflicts between conservation efforts and livelihood needs. The article calls for urgent, integrated global management strategies, including stricter regulations, the promotion of sustainable fishing practices, and the establishment of marine protected areas to mitigate the effects of overfishing and prevent further marine ecosystem collapse. By synthesizing current research and policy approaches, this article aims to enhance our understanding of overfishing's global repercussions and promote sustainable practices to ensure the long-term health and resilience of marine ecosystems.